A maze of brackish and freshwater ponds covers Taiwan’s coastal plain, supporting aquaculture operations that produce roughly NT $30 billion (US $920 million) value of seafood yearly. Taiwan’s authorities is hoping that the greater than 400 sq. kilometers of fishponds can concurrently produce a second harvest: solar energy.
What’s aquavoltaics?
That’s the impetus behind the brand new 42.9-megawatt “aquavoltaics” facility within the southern metropolis of Tainan. To construct it, Taipei-based Hongde Renewable Vitality purchased 57.6 hectares of deserted land in Tainan’s fishpond-rich Qigu district, created earthen berms to delineate the 2 dozen ponds, and put in photo voltaic panels alongside the berms and over 6 reservoir ponds.
Tony Chang, normal supervisor of Hongde subsidiary Star Aquaculture, says 18 of the ponds are stocked with mullet (prized for his or her roe) and shrimp, whereas milkfish assist clear the water within the reservoir ponds. In 2023, the primary full 12 months of operation, Chang says his workforce harvested over 100,000 kilograms of seafood. This August, they started stocking a cavernous indoor facility, additionally festooned with photovoltaics, to domesticate white-legged shrimp.
A lot of different international locations have been experimenting with aquavoltaics, together with China, Chile, Bangladesh, and Norway, extending the idea to massive photo voltaic arrays floating on rivers and bays. However nowhere else is the pairing of aquaculture and solar energy seen as so essential to the financial system. Taiwan is striving to massively broaden renewable technology to maintain its semiconductor fabs, and photo voltaic is predicted to play a big position. However on this densely populated island—barely bigger than Maryland, smaller than the Netherlands—there’s not a number of open area to put in photo voltaic panels. The fishponds are exhausting to disregard. By the top of 2025, the federal government is trying to set up 4.4 gigawatts of aquavoltaics to assist meet its purpose of 20 GW of photo voltaic technology.
Is Taiwan’s aquavoltaics plan unrealistic?
In the meantime, although, photo voltaic builders are struggling to ship on Taiwan’s formidable targets, whilst some projections counsel Taiwan will want over 8 occasions extra photo voltaic by 2050. And aquavoltaics specifically have come below scrutiny from environmental teams. In 2020, for instance, reporter Jiashan Cai visited 100 photo voltaic crops constructed on agricultural land, together with fishponds, and located dozens of instances the place photo voltaic builders constructed extra photo voltaic capability than the regulation meant, or secured permits based mostly on guarantees of continued farming that weren’t stored.
Star Aquaculture grows milkfish to assist clear water for its breeding ponds.HDRenewables
On 7 July 2020, Taiwan’s Ministry of Agriculture responded by proscribing photo voltaic growth on farmland, in what the photo voltaic business known as the “Double-Seven Incident.” Many aquavoltaic initiatives had been canceled whereas others had been delayed. The latter included a 10-MW facility in Tainan that Google had introduced to nice fanfare in 2019 as its first renewable vitality funding in Asia, to produce energy for the corporate’s Taiwan datacenters. The array lastly began up in 2023, three years delayed.
Critics of Taiwan’s renewed aquavoltaic plans thus see the federal government’s purpose as unrealistic. Yuping Chen, government director of the Taiwan Surroundings and Planning Affiliation, a Taipei-based nonprofit devoted to resolving conflicts between photo voltaic vitality and agriculture, says of aquavoltaics, “It’s claimed to be essential by the federal government, but it surely’s unimaginable to comprehend.”
How aquavoltaics may revive fishing, enhance income
Photo voltaic builders and authorities officers who endorse aquavoltaics argue that such initiatives may revive the island’s conventional fishing group. Taiwan’s fishing villages are getting old and shrinking as youthful individuals take metropolis jobs. Local weather change has additionally taken a toll. Extreme storms injury fishpond embankments, whereas excessive warmth and rainfall stress the fish.
4.4
Gigawatts of aquavoltaics that Taiwan needs to put in by the top of 2025
Photo voltaic growth may assist reverse these traits. A number of latest research inspecting fishponds in Taiwan discovered that including photo voltaic improves profitability, offering a chance to reinvigorate communities if agrivoltaic buyers share their returns. Alan Wu, deputy director of the Inexperienced Vitality Initiative at Taiwan’s Industrial Know-how Analysis Institute, says the Hsinchu-based lab has opened a analysis station in Tainan to attach photo voltaic and aquaculture corporations. ITRI helps aquavoltaics amenities enhance their revenues, by determining how they will elevate “species of excessive financial worth which can be usually harder to boost,” Wu says.
Such high-value merchandise embody the 27,000 items of sun-dried mullet roe that Hongde Renewable Vitality’s Tainan web site produced final 12 months. The brand new indoor facility, in the meantime, ought to enhance yields of the comparatively dear whiteleg shrimp. Chang expects the indoor harvests to fetch $500,000 to $600,000 yearly, in comparison with $800,000 to $900,000 from the bigger outside ponds.
The photo voltaic roof over the 100,000-liter indoor development tanks protects the two.7 million shrimp in opposition to climate and chicken droppings. Chang says a patent-pending drain mechanically removes waste from every tank, and likewise sucks out the shrimp once they’re prepared for harvest.
Land that Star Aquaculture put aside for wildlife now attracts endangered birds just like the black-faced spoonbill [left] and oriental stork [right].iStock (2)
The corporate has additionally put aside 9 % of the location for wildlife, in response to issues from conservationists. “Egrets, endangered oriental storks, and black-faced spoonbills proceed to make use of the location,” Chang says. “If it was all lined with PV, it may affect their habitat.”
Such measures could not fulfill environmentalists, although. In a assessment printed final month, researchers at Fudan College in Shanghai and two Chinese language energy corporations concluded that China’s floating aquavoltaic installations—a few of which already span 5 sq. kilometers—will “inevitably” alter the marine setting.
Aquavoltaic amenities which can be totally indoors could also be a good more durable promote as they scale up. Toshiba is backing such a plant in Tainan, to generate 120 MW for an unspecified “semiconductor producer,” with plans for a 360-MW enlargement. The ensuing buildings may exclude wildlife from 5 sq. kilometers of habitat. Indoor initiatives may compensate by defending land elsewhere. However, as Chen of the Taiwan Surroundings and Planning Affiliation notes, builders of such websites could not take such measures except they’re required by regulation to take action.
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